The Atomic Theory of John Dalton

John Dalton (1808)

According to Dalton, the atom is the smallest part of a substance that can not be subdivided and shaped like a solid ball that is not hollow. Dalton's atomic theory is based on two laws, the law fixed arrangement (Prouts) and the conservation of mass (Lavoisier):

- Lavoisier = total mass of substances before the reaction is always the same as the total substance reaction products.

- Prouts = Comparison of a mass of elements in a compound will always remain.

Here's an example of a model Atom Dalton:

Dalton's Atomic Opinions:
1. Atom is the smallest piece of matter that can not be subdivided.

2. Atom has been described as a very small solid ball, an atom has identical elements and different for different elements.

3. Atoms combine to form compounds with simple comparisons and integers. As the waters of Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms.

4. A chemical reaction is merging / splitting / constituent and the back of the atom, that atom could not be destroyed / destroyed.

Dalton's Atomic Excess:
1. Can explain the laws of chemical combination.

2. Dalton was the first to recognize the difference that can be applied between a particle of an element / atoms and molecules / compounds.

Dalton's Atomic Disadvantages:
1. This theory has failed to explain the existence of allotropes. Differences in the nature of charcoal, graphite and diamond are not able to be explained because they are made up of the same atoms, namely Carbon.

2. Atoms of the same element that is the same in all respects. This statement is incorrect, because the atoms of different elements have different mass numbers are called isotopes

37Cl → 35Cl

3. John Dalton said the atoms of different elements. It is proven wrong in a particular case.

4. Atoms of different elements have joined the simple number ratios to form compounds. This was not seen in the complex compounds eg sugar (C12H22O11)

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